10 Important Essay Writing Skills You Need To Know

10 Important Essay Writing Skills You Need To Know If you choose to write about challenges in your life, be careful to avoid using overly critical or negative language. This is a good opportunity to emphasize your emotional maturity and how challenges in your life have helped you grow as a person. You may compromise that impression if your tone is resentful or excessively dramatic. sensible ordering of material, to support and the development of ideas and the development of argument. The central part of your essay is where the structure needs to do its work, however explicit or implicit your chosen structure may be. The structure you choose needs to be one that will be most helpful to you in addressing the essay title. The middle part of the essay must fulfil the promises made in your introduction, and must support your final conclusions. Failure to meet either or both of these requirements will irritate your reader, and will demonstrate a lack of self-critique and of editing. Essays are usually written in a discursive style, bringing together ideas, evidence and arguments to address a specific problem or question. We break down the structure of an essay and show you how to do it well. Shorter words are often preferable to longer words, unless there is some specific vocabulary that you need to include to demonstrate your skill. Short to middle length sentences are almost always preferable to longer ones. Later composers moved away from strict symphonic form. Some retained a loose link to it while others abandoned it completely, in favour of more fluid patterns. And over-long paragraphs tend to demonstrate that you are not clear about the specific points you are making. Of course, these are general points, and there may be some occasions, or some subject areas, where long paragraphs are appropriate. a recognition of the limitations in your own evidence, argument, and conclusion. The example below relates to the essay title used on the previous page. Questions to ask of your essay content may be useful. It may help to read your essay out loud to catch mistakes you might otherwise skim over. Edits and revisions should not remove your voice or completely alter your writing style. Ask teachers, mentors, family, or friends for feedback on your essay. It would be rare, however, to find a symphony that was without structure or pattern of any kind; it would probably not be satisfactory either to play or to listen to. Similarly, a structure of some kind is probably essential for every essay, however revolutionary. Throughout this process, the essay title is the single immovable feature. You begin there; you end there; and everything in between needs to be placed in relation to that title. In these early stages of your thinking you may not be sure which of your ideas you want to follow up and which you will be discarding. This partnership is part of the English Education Alliance , a global effort of the U.S. Department of State to address the global demand for 21st century English language skills. Train your employees in the most in-demand topics, with edX for Business. These essay questions often require you to structure your answer in several parts. An example may be to ask you to investigate a problem and explore a range of solutions. You may also be asked to choose the best solution and justify your selection, allow space for this in your essay. Sentences giving further explanation and providing evidence from both the literature and the data, e.g. the case study to support the topic sentence . The State Department-supported EducationUSA network will also offer facilitated discussions in some locations for students interested in pursuing higher education in the United States. Reach out well in advance of any deadlines, and give them at least two weeks to provide feedback. Ask them in person if you can, but if you cannot, send them an email. If they agree to take a look, you can send them a message with your essay.

Write My Admission Essay

Write My Admission Essay However, by the mid-19th century, the Causeries du lundi, newspaper columns by the critic Sainte-Beuve, are literary essays in the original sense. Other French writers followed suit, including Théophile Gautier, Anatole France, Jules Lemaître and Émile Faguet. My teacher said 3 central paragraphs never gives enough detail to the topic, so we should write 5. It makes sense to me and that is how I’ve always done it. Longer essays may also contain an introductory page that defines words and phrases of the essay's topic. The academic essay tests the student's ability to present their thoughts in an organized way and is designed to test their intellectual capabilities. In France, several writers produced longer works with the title of essai that were not true examples of the form. Whichever angle you choose, make sure that it ties in with your thesis statement, which will be included as the last sentence of your introduction.6. In order to write a successful essay, you must organize your thoughts. By taking what’s already in your head and putting it to paper, you are able to see connections and links between ideas more clearly. This structure serves as a foundation for your paper. Use either an outline or a diagram to jot down your ideas and organize them. Subsequent sentences should describe specific examples that relate to the point you are arguing in the paragraph. Like the last sentence in the introduction, the last sentence in this paragraph should be transitional and lead into the argument you will present in the next body paragraph. Put your thesis in one of the first three sentences of the introduction if you are writing a 3-4 paragraph essay, and in the first sentence if you are writing a 1-2 paragraph essay. Now that you have developed your thesis and the overall body of your essay, you must write an introduction. The introduction should attract the reader’s attention and show the focus of your essay. You can use shocking information, dialogue, a story, a quote, or a simple summary of your topic. Essays have traditionally been sub-classified as formal and informal. The second part of the essay should be the first body paragraph, and it should present the strongest point that proves your thesis statement. The first sentence in this paragraph should tie into the transitional sentence in the introduction. Finally, use the introduction to bring in some context/ show the importance of the topic, or capture attention and the conclusion to highlight key points. Write an introductory paragraph that gives background information into your topic and draws the reader into the essay. From there, begin to list your main ideas, leaving space under each one. In this space, make sure to list other smaller ideas that relate to each main idea. Doing this will allow you to see connections and will help you to write a more organized essay.3. A short essay can often prove to be more difficult to write than a longer essay. While in longer essays, you have ample space to explain and clarify all your points, in a shorter essay you might feel like you do not have enough space to make a strong argument. The key to writing a short essay is including only the most pertinent information necessary to make your point. To create a diagram, write your topic in the middle of your page. Draw three to five lines branching off from this topic and write down your main ideas at the ends of these lines. Draw more lines off these main ideas and include any thoughts you may have on these ideas. If you prefer to create an outline, write your topic at the top of the page. It is also important to be aware of the complexity of your topic. Pick topics for which you have enough room to elaborate. Do not cite three or four pieces of supporting evidence in an elaborate thesis if you are only allowed 500 words. If you only have a few paragraphs to write your essay, you will likely only have room for one main point of supporting evidence. Keep your thesis short and limit your supporting points, since you always need to set aside plenty of room in your essay for introspection.

Essay Writing Technique

Essay Writing Technique This need not be complicated, a few lines or dot points is ample. At some point in your research, you should begin thinking about a contention for your essay. Remember, you should be able to express it briefly as if addressing the essay question in a single sentence, or summing up in a debate. Your research should take shape from here, guided by the essay question and your own planning. That can make trying to communicate who you are as well as who you hope to become a daunting task. You might worry about sounding generic or not sounding like yourself or not sounding “smart” or “wise” enough. One of many students’ and parents’ biggest fears is the sheer anonymity of the process. You may also find our page on writing for history to be useful. Essays should ideally be completed a few days before their due date, then put aside for a day or two before proofreading. Referencing not only acknowledges the work of others, but it also gives authority to your writing and provides the teacher or assessor with an insight into your research. More information on referencing a piece of history writing can be found here. Your conclusion need not be as long or as developed as your body paragraphs. You should avoid introducing new information or evidence in the conclusion. One effective way to do this is with a brief summary of ‘what happened next’. For example, an essay discussing Hitler’s rise to power in 1933 might close with a couple of sentences about how he consolidated and strengthened his power in . What’s an important conversation you had with them? But, we’ve offered some adjusted timelines lower down in case you don’t have the whole summer to work with. One of the major challenges for many students about applying to college is knowing that they are full of passion and potential energy which hasn’t yet been converted into kinetic energy. Start by providing a little context, then address the question, articulate your contention and indicate what direction your essay will take. Once you have finalised a plan for your essay, commence your draft. Once most of your research is complete and you have a strong contention, start jotting down a possible essay structure. Identify terms or concepts you do not know and find out what they mean. As you locate information, ask yourself if it is relevant or useful for addressing the question. Be creative with your research, looking in a variety of places. Most will start by reading an overview of the topic or issue, usually in some reliable secondary sources. This will refresh or build your existing understanding of the topic and provide a basis for further questions or investigation. Was there a particular timeâ€"a summer, or a yearâ€"when that place became important? Describe the first time you saw their home, in story form. Who’s a family member who lives with you and is important to you? Think of a specific time they helped you with something. In history writing, the active voice is preferable to the passive voice. In the active voice, the subject completes the action (e.g. “Hitler initiated the Beer Hall putsch to seize control of the Bavarian government”). In the passive voice, the action is completed by the subject (“The Beer Hall putsch was initiated by Hitler to seize control of the Bavarian government”). The active voice also helps prevent sentences from becoming long, wordy and unclear. Every essay should be proofread, edited and, if necessary, re-drafted before being submitted for assessment. What do people in your community or school know you for? Tell the story of the first time you did this thing. Tell the story of the most meaningful time you did this thingâ€"it might be, say, when you won a game, but it also might be when you lost a game, or when you quit the team. Did you grow up considering another place that is not where you currently live home? Tell the story of the first time you went there or the first time you remember going there.

Basic Guidelines For Essay Writing

Basic Guidelines For Essay Writing We bet there is nothing easier than hiring writers at EssayPro. EssayPro has been around for a long time and has gained a good reputation among students. The answer is - yes, using credit cards on our platform is safe and secure. We double-check all the assignments for plagiarism and send you only original essays. Just keep an easy attitude to your assignment if you order it at EssayPro. With the basic fee starting at $7 per page, EssayPro is one of the most affordable services on the web. Our average is $11 per page and we ensure you get top quality papers for that price. And that’s not all; you can order any paper by simply sending a DM. Be the first one to know about all the EssayPro updates, giveaways, and seasonal discounts for students. Follow our social media accounts to stay updated. We have an absolutely outstanding plagiarism checker, which all of our writers are obliged to use. What’s more, our Quality Assurance Team checks every page of content before it is sent to you. Use tip #4 and write five original sentences that could be turned into an essay. After you write your five sentences, it’s easy to fill in the paragraphs they will find themselves in. That means that the best essays are about surprise, “You probably think it’s one way, but in reality, you should think of it this other way.” See tip #3 for more on this. We tried our best to create an effortless hiring process. Click the button on the main page and follow our simple instructions. It is the argument, and how you decide to present and back up your argument, that will influence your decision on how to structure your essay. As with teaching, it is often not until you try to communicate an argument and its evidence that you find where the gaps are in your knowledge or argument. So don’t be afraid of writing down your ideas before they are fully formed, or in the ‘right’ order. The need to use such a wide range of academic skills is probably the main reason why the essay format is so popular with tutors as an assignment. This set out a pattern for the numbers of movements within the symphony, and for the general structure of writing within each movement. The continued popularity of their work today shows that they clearly managed to achieve plenty of interest and variety within that basic structure. 24⁄7 customer support to those who have any questions or concerns regarding the writing service. On Instagram, we share the freshest student memes daily! EssayPro essays are NOT intended to be forwarded as finalized work as it is only strictly meant to be used for research and study purposes. EssayPro does not endorse or condone any type of plagiarism. With your easy-to-use in-app chat, you can keep in contact with the writer. At EssayPro, we employ a large team of skilled writers. Their rating is based on previous customer reviews and rates. Before you hire a writer, you can familiarize yourself with his track record in detail. Feel free to pass any last-minute requests or requirements you forgot about to the chosen writer. Meaning, unsatisfied customers also do not need to worry when it comes to a poor quality paper.

How To Write A 4

How To Write A 4 Your examples should support your topic sentences by making them convincing, while your topic sentences should explain the significance of your examples. The strongest position for your statement is usually at the end of one or two introductory paragraphs. Stating your thesis in your first sentence leaves you no room to warm the reader to your subject. On the other hand, you may want to use your title to suggest your thesis. It should include a few general statements about the subject to provide a background to your essay and to attract the reader's attention. It should try to explain why you are writing the essay. It may include a definition of terms in the context of the essay, etc. It should also include a statement of the specific subdivisions of the topic and/or indication of how the topic is going to be tackled in order to specifically address the question. Today I'm going to be talking a little bit about guidelines for writing essays. See my notes on“How to Read a History Book” for some well chosen titles. This will help guide them in structuring their research and, later, the essay they will write itself. When writing an essay in an exam context, this may be the only ‘research’ the student will be able to undertake prior to the writing, so practicing this will be even more important. In this article we will drill down to some of the aspects that will assist students in taking their essay writing skills up a notch. Many of the ideas and activities can be integrated into broader lesson plans based on essay writing. Order beforehand right when homework is assigned to have a better price for our service. But if suddenly you forgot about a task and it’s due soon, you can always count on us helping you meet the deadline. Professional British college authors can fit into any schedule, with hundreds of writers constantly online and ready to help with an essay here and now. Use evidence to support the topic sentence of each paragraph. And back up generalities with specific examples, the more vivid, the better. The strongest points suppporting your thesis statement will go in the second paragraph, and the second strongest will go in the third. For the concluding paragraph and sentence, you should restate your thesis, summarize what the audience just read and include information that signifies the end of the essay. If crafting a good essay isn’t your strong suit, you’re going to struggle with acing your test or paper. As with creative writing, it is better to show than to tell. Quote from your sources and, if they are visual, provide photocopies. Our experts are the best in the country, able to cope with any paper type, topic, difficulty, and urgency. Do you need your essay to be done by tomorrow morning? We’ll do your research paper in a couple of hours for a pretty good price. For a reasonable fee, you can have any research paper done within 48 hours or faster. Let us help you deliver a superb paper timely, so your course progress stays on top. Let a professor see that you’re a student who gets the work done even if the odds aren’t in your favor. In search of essay help in the UK, Royal Essays are the number one choice in terms of writing quality and price. The main body consists of one or more paragraphs of ideas and arguments. Each paragraph develops a subdivision of the topic. The paragraphs of the essay contain the main ideas and arguments of the essay together with illustrations or examples. The paragraphs are linked in order to connect the ideas. The purpose of the essay must be made clear and the reader must be able to follow its development. Often, though, they will work effectively in isolation - just as athletes isolate physical movements to drill that are relevant to their sport. When these movements become second nature, they can be repeated naturally in the context of the game, or in our case, the writing of the essay. But, putting the hours in alone will not be enough to attain the highest levels in essay writing.

Advanced Essay Structure

Advanced Essay Structure The experts, working at our company, hold degrees in relevant fields of knowledge. They know how to use various citation styles and have passed numerous tests to prove their ability. This is followed by the explanation or argument and then substantiated through the integration of evidence and demonstration of examples. Notice that it is important to include some form of critical analysis or observation. Finally, your concluding statement should articulate your voice or opinion. In addition to commencing your paragraph with a clear topic sentence, it is important to use linking words and phrases to create cohesion within and across paragraphs in your writing. The words you see on your screen are what we call transition signals or signpost words, and they can help the reader follow the order and flow of your ideas. It’s also where you develop a discussion or argument. In order to substantiate your argument, you will also need to offer evidence. This could include examples or quotations from authoritative sources. This is designed to orientate the reader and provide them with some sort of context beforehand. Now let's try and identify the essential elements to a paragraph by looking at an example taken from our assignment question. You’ll notice the first sentence is the topic sentence which clearly states the theme of the paragraph. It is absolutely critical to prepare your reader with this type of background information-do not immediately launch into your argument. Welcome to the UTS HELPS online video tutorial. Although we strive to write essay tasks on time, you may require a review of the paper as we download the document. The customers, who wish to change the structure of the text, are entitled to get a free revision. This is a bulletproof way to make the clients come back for more. The body of your essay will consist of paragraphs which function as building blocks in the construction of your overall paper. The body is where you demonstrate your knowledge and grasp of the material that you have read. Please keep in mind the keywords ‘in red’, which we will identify in our sample conclusion in a moment. Always recall the essay question as you write and continually link your body paragraphs to the essay question. To ensure your writing is cohesive and coherent - use linking words. Try to synthesise your evidence into each body paragraph in order to substantiate your points. Whenever you do use evidence you should follow the referencing guidelines that have been specified by your tutor or lecturer. In a previous online tutorial video we introduced you to a real-life assignment question and talked about how to structure the introduction to an essay. Notice the keywords including academic learning and literacy centres and the most effective approach. It’s very important to ensure that you fully analyse and understand the question before you start writing. Ultimately, your conclusion must demonstrate that you have fully answered the question. Firstly, it must summarise the arguments or information that has been presented in the body of the paper. The purpose of the conclusion is to consolidate or integrate the various issues or researched data that have been covered in the core of your paper. Then, it must restate the key points that have been presented â€" and reiterate the thesis statement. Now, they are doing their best to earn the approval of students. Those, who come to our service, know that they can rely on the specialists of choice. The writers have been thoroughly checked in order to find out whether they meet the standards of the company. I had my doubts when I first filled in the order form. After all, we are often told that you can never get a top paper for sale.

Follow Essay Format Guide From Experienced Teacher

Follow Essay Format Guide From Experienced Teacher Each client can choose an appropriate writer to buy an essay from. They can do this by looking at factors such as success rates and customer reviews. Every writer we employ is a native speaker of English and comes from either the USA, Australia, UK, Canada, Ireland, or New Zealand. For those who are seeking reviews of our service, we have EssayPro reviews page in-app. Are you unhappy with your completed paper order? Unsatisfied clients are entitled to free reviews and rewrites up to 30 days. Every complaint will be considered and acted upon. We only want what’s best for our customer's well-being. You can also have as many middle paragraphs as you like. Every essay obviously has an introduction and a conclusion. In the middle you’ll find a bunch of paragraphs. Having the ability to write effective essays will become increasingly important as you progress through high school and into college. Satisfaction is taken very seriously with our paper writing service. 24⁄7 customer support to those who have any questions or concerns regarding the writing service. Every academic scholar has several years of experience in the essay writing industry, as well as being fully qualified. All papers are unique because our writers are required to follow our strict quality assurance protocol, which includes anti-plagiarism. Here at EssayPro, we offer a service guarantee when you buy an essay. No more cramming as the paper is delivered right on time. The trick with writing paragraphs is to remind your reader of the general argument. However, there’s no need to conclude every paragraph with a summary of what came before. What’s important is that there is no set rule as to how many paragraphs you can use for any section of your essay. In a long essay, your introduction might take up two or three paragraphs. If you'll internalize the format presented above, you'll develop the ability to write clear and compelling essays. Take a page of paper and write your topic at the top. As you progress through school, you'll be required to write essays. And the farther along in school you get, the more complex and demanding the essays will become. This outline of your essay will set up a sort of contract with your reader, explaining what you will deliver to them in the body of your essay. We will try to make it clearer for you by actually using a sample introduction that was written for a real-life academic essay. Crafting a report is an easy deal whenever you decide to cooperate with us. We will produce a document that will blow the teacher away. Just make sure you paragraphs transition nicely from one to the next. Some teachers advice their students to come up with three points for their thesis. What invariably ends up happening is that you end up writing three mini-essays that are only loosely connected. It's important that you learn early on how to write effective essays that communicate clearly and accomplish specific objectives. The introduction usually contains background information about the topic, your position and a preview of how your ideas will be organised. Take a stroll around the reviews our clients have left us regarding the work and experience they have had. We truly value and take on-board customer feedback. It helps us learn and grow, which widely affects future orders. If you have any concerns, take a look at our reviews page - to find out what clients have said about this paper writing service.

Follow Essay Format Guide From Experienced Teacher

Follow Essay Format Guide From Experienced Teacher Each client can choose an appropriate writer to buy an essay from. They can do this by looking at factors such as success rates and customer reviews. Every writer we employ is a native speaker of English and comes from either the USA, Australia, UK, Canada, Ireland, or New Zealand. For those who are seeking reviews of our service, we have EssayPro reviews page in-app. Are you unhappy with your completed paper order? Unsatisfied clients are entitled to free reviews and rewrites up to 30 days. Every complaint will be considered and acted upon. We only want what’s best for our customer's well-being. You can also have as many middle paragraphs as you like. Every essay obviously has an introduction and a conclusion. In the middle you’ll find a bunch of paragraphs. Having the ability to write effective essays will become increasingly important as you progress through high school and into college. Satisfaction is taken very seriously with our paper writing service. 24⁄7 customer support to those who have any questions or concerns regarding the writing service. Every academic scholar has several years of experience in the essay writing industry, as well as being fully qualified. All papers are unique because our writers are required to follow our strict quality assurance protocol, which includes anti-plagiarism. Here at EssayPro, we offer a service guarantee when you buy an essay. No more cramming as the paper is delivered right on time. The trick with writing paragraphs is to remind your reader of the general argument. However, there’s no need to conclude every paragraph with a summary of what came before. What’s important is that there is no set rule as to how many paragraphs you can use for any section of your essay. In a long essay, your introduction might take up two or three paragraphs. If you'll internalize the format presented above, you'll develop the ability to write clear and compelling essays. Take a page of paper and write your topic at the top. As you progress through school, you'll be required to write essays. And the farther along in school you get, the more complex and demanding the essays will become. This outline of your essay will set up a sort of contract with your reader, explaining what you will deliver to them in the body of your essay. We will try to make it clearer for you by actually using a sample introduction that was written for a real-life academic essay. Crafting a report is an easy deal whenever you decide to cooperate with us. We will produce a document that will blow the teacher away. Just make sure you paragraphs transition nicely from one to the next. Some teachers advice their students to come up with three points for their thesis. What invariably ends up happening is that you end up writing three mini-essays that are only loosely connected. It's important that you learn early on how to write effective essays that communicate clearly and accomplish specific objectives. The introduction usually contains background information about the topic, your position and a preview of how your ideas will be organised. Take a stroll around the reviews our clients have left us regarding the work and experience they have had. We truly value and take on-board customer feedback. It helps us learn and grow, which widely affects future orders. If you have any concerns, take a look at our reviews page - to find out what clients have said about this paper writing service.

Essay Writing Technique

Essay Writing Technique We also have a quality assurance team who check the paper for any plagiarism and errors. All of our academic scholars have their profiles. Each profile shows the success rate, a star-rating, and subject specification. Apart from that, we feel it’s important to know your chosen essayist inside out. Thus, they also contain a short biography from the professional writer to enable customers to see what kind of person he or she is. Delegate every unwelcomed assignment to a degree-holding academic author. When the deadline comes, submit your article and call it a day. We guarantee zero plagiarism and individual approach to your task. What you instruct in order specifications will be fulfilled in your texts hands down. Top grades and more free time in the evening are what you receive. Let us tell you, it’s totally acceptable to have your essay written by a professional service like ours. Being absolutely legitimate, it’s the future of education. Every academic scholar has several years of experience in the essay writing industry, as well as being fully qualified. Many students don’t have the time to work on their academic papers due to balancing with other responsibilities, for example, part-time work. If you’re tired of the boring lectures from your professor, then subscribe to our YouTube channel. Here, we explore everything related to essay writing in a smooth and easy to understand way. You also shouldn’t express your personal opinion anywhere except for the conclusion. Entrepreneurs can finally focus on making money and still get the results they acquire in their academics. If you are unsatisfied with your essay, do not worry. In that case, our policy states that that customer is entitled to an unlimited amount of free revisions and rewrites within the first 30 days are the completion of the paper. The paper will also be reviewed by another writer with a higher success rate to make sure it is of high quality. And a list of reviews for the author left by previous clients to give you an insight into customer satisfaction. The best essay service looks forward to long-term cooperation with every client who uses our company for academic assistance. When you order a paper at EssayTigers, you always receive 100% unique writing from scratch. We thoroughly check all papers with a reliable plagiarism detection system before delivering them to our client. We value our reputation and immediately stop any cooperation with writers whose texts fail plagiarism check. Since our launch in 2013, not a single client complained about plagiarism. We wish all of our clients to use EssayPro with a smile on their faces. You can be confident that high-quality papers were written on-time at the customer’s convenience. We ensure absolute confidentiality for all of our clients. Your personal information, as well as the details of your orders, won't be shared with a third party under any circumstances. No one will ever know that you used our essay writing services unless you tell someone. Rest assured, we treat each customer's sensitive data as if it were our own. No information is disclosed without your explicit permission. Are you too busy to complete your academic assignments? When using one of our expert scholars, you can take the time you need to do the things you are required to do outside of your student life. The final result of using our service is also that students can finally breathe and all of their worries are taken away. Better focus on the most enjoyable things a college has to offer. For all the chores and routine out there, professional college ghostwriters offer help.

Essay Writer & Essay Writing Service

Essay Writer & Essay Writing Service Similarly, you may be asked to write a 5-page paper about volcanoes. The essay writing techniques you’ll learn in the essay program are not just about producing a piece of work that gets a good grade, they’re also about effective learning. It is not necessary to begin at the beginning; you can start writing wherever you feel relatively confident. You might, for example, begin by defining or explaining terms and concepts in your research question. When we deliver essays, we ensure they’re up to the mark and most importantly, 100% original. So, the answer to your question is yes, we can write you an essay fast and not any essay, a well-written one. If you say, “write my essay in 1,2,3 or 6 hours”, we will get it done. Our dedicated writing experts will do their best to have a satisfaction rate. For that reason, the refund requests tend to appear quite rarely, which is partly due to our solid refund guarantee. Every refund request that we receive from our customers is reviewed by our online specialists, as well as considered within the shortest possible period of time. Need a properly researched, written according to all your requirements and plagiarism-free paper? We use a specially designed plagiarism detection system that runs the completed paper through a database of other academic papers and exposes even the slightest signs of plagiarism. If you have not yet determined how you'd like to sequence them, mapping might feel more appropriate. Our expert teachers will guide you how to write an essay and give you practical feedback every step of the way! Learn more about our Year 11 English Courses now. Researching about a text is very important as you are able to get a better understanding of the composer’s context, text’s themes and its reception. This may help you write your essay in a manner that goes beyond just a chronological explanation of your life or an expansion of your resume. So, when you say, “I’m paying people to write my essay, will it be original? ”, you can rest assured that with Writers Per Hour, original is the only option. Plagiarism has serious consequences and we at Writers Per Hour fully understand that. Our relationship with you does not end with an essay submission. This will help you formulate an insightful thesis and write strong analyses. At CreativeLive, We are here to help you tell your story and share it with the world. The essay writing process is linked to learning; developing a sound essay writing technique enhances your learning. The following provides an audio-visual representation of the essay writing diagram. Tune intolive webinarsto learn more about recommendations, college essays, and filling out your application. Writing a college essay can seem daunting at first, but it doesn’t have to be. Download our worksheet as a template and foundation to help you craft a strong college essay that stands out. These classes will help you build confidence, improve your writing skills and help you get published. Use secondary sources to find topics and provide context, but do not let them blind you to what you find in your primary research. Not everything written by a professional historian is true or persuasive. SeeHow to Read a Book.Readprimary sources critically as well. If there are special reasons why you do or do not believe what you read, say so in your paper. You'll pay your writer only if you like the result. Come up with a conclusion that returns us to the primary thesis of your paper and gives us ideas about where we can take it next. Look for evocative language that allows you to tie each section of the paper to the thesis without becoming repetitious. Provide transitions between paragraphs that indicate to the reader how each paragraph relates to your thesis. Once you have done that, move on to another area you feel ready to discuss. Keep asking yourself what your reader will need to know, and write about that. By now you should have identified the three arguments you find most compelling in defending your thesis. If you have a pretty clear idea about the sequence in which you want to present them, an outline might be most appropriate to you.

The Basics Of Essay Writing

The Basics Of Essay Writing So instead of constantly saying, “Add the tomato” and “add the eggs,” a thesaurus will teach you to say things like “whisk in the eggs” or “gently fold in the tomatoes.” See? It sounds a lot better and adds interest to your essay. For example, if you’re writing about cooking, the words “stir” and “add” might come up a lot. We’ll get the nitty-gritty stuff out of the way first. If you search our website, you will find lots of content. Proper grammar is difficult for even the most fluent English speakers. Because you are learning English, you actually have an advantage. Many native speakers learned improper grammar from the start. It’s difficult to undo the damage caused by a lifetime of writing improperly. There are pages with information about our services , lots of policy pages , and our order page. Furthermore, since we are study nerds, our site has a lot of great content that we are sure you will find interesting. Sadly, it is often the students who can benefit most from higher education who also struggle the most. The sad fact is that low-income students are significantly less likely to graduate from college than their wealthier counterparts. What’s even more discouraging is that intelligence and achievement don’t seem to help. Lang-8 is a free site where native English speakers will correct your writing. In exchange, you correct the writing of someone learning your native language. Meet up with a friend who is fluent in English . This friend can edit your essay and point out any repetitive errors. Learning to write in another language can be really difficult, especially when you’re first getting started; daily practice is helpful. Once you and your friend have both reviewed your essay and marked any mistakes, rewrite the whole thing. Just noting that you made some mistakes will not help you learn how to avoid them in the future. If you don’t have any friends who are fluent in English, you can uselang-8.com. We also participate in other affiliate advertising programs for products and services we believe in. Learning a new language is certainly an ambitious task. There are so many small details to learn, and the process takes a lot of time and commitment. Be sure that you understand exactly what the question requires you to do. Squirrell advises reading the introduction and conclusion and a relevant chapter but no more. “Otherwise you won’t actually get anything out of it because you’re trying to plough your way through a 300-page monograph,” he says. Amazon and the Amazon logo are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc, or its affiliates. A poor student with high SAT scores is less likely to finish college than a student with lower scores who happens to be in a higher income bracket. Remember, your plan at this point is provisional. As you begin to write and research it will probably change. If two sentences seem like the thoughts are connected, you can combine them with a semicolon ( ; ). If you want to write in another language, you need to practice in creative ways every day. For example, you could start a blog, create fun poems or text a friend. Learning to write in another language can be really difficult, especially when you’re first getting started. Also, look for sentences that are very closely related to one another.

Introduction To The Gre Issue Task

Introduction To The Gre Issue Task The system checks to see which words in your text are related to the 47 fields of study on FieldRelated.com. Each match is shown with a link to additional field-related readings, listenings, and glossaries to help you extend your field-related learning. It will give you a great idea of how the essay sounds off paper and in the mind of a person reading it. While you’re at it, do your best to put yourself in the shoes of the teacher or proctor who will be grading it so you can keep their mindset prominent as you digest these words. Try to avoid generalisation and look out for generalised statements when proofreading. An obvious tip for a history essay is to write in the past tense. Watch out for mixed tenses when proofreading your work. Never refer to yourself personally, using phrases like “I think…” or “It is my contention…”. Good history essays should adopt the perspective of an informed and objective third party. They should sound rational and factual â€" not like an individual expressing their opinion. Read your essay aloud, either to yourself or another person. Seek feedback and advice from a good writer or someone you trust . Every essay must have an introduction, a body of several paragraphs and a conclusion. Your paragraphs should be well organised and follow a logical sequence. To check your word count, copy-paste your text into the text area above and click Word Count. The word counter will also count your sentences and calculate your sentence length. This feature is useful if you are aiming for a more conversational style with a shorter average sentence length, or if you are aiming for a more academic style with longer sentences. For details on what is counted and what is not, see the Word Counter page. If you write essays in your second language for high school or college, check your essay for embarrassing errors that a teacher would deduct points for. This page contains some general advice on writing a successful history essay. An essay is a piece of sustained writing in response to a question, topic or issue. Both my Actively Engaged on the Job and Actively Engaged at College textbooks involve collaborative narrative writing projects. Depending on the level, the characters live together as roommates or work together as colleagues within the collaborative narrative. Each week, I ask students to plan one episode of their story with the help of their groupmates. If you are feeling afraid of losing your job to a grammar checker, you don't understand your job very well. Providing corrective feedback on errors may be a huge part of your workload, but ask your self this. If a machine could catch all the surface errors my students make on their writing, what other aspects of my students' writing would I want to spend more time on? Instead of thinking of writing as a grammar test, you will be able to see it as communication. In this way, they get to practice a more target-like form of English in a meaningful and social way. Teachers should stop thinking that they have to compete with grammar checkers and view them as an assistive technology that can help reduce some of their correction load. For more information about all of the advantages of using the Virtual Writing Tutor essay checker tools. There are IELTS and TOEFL rubrics that you can use to provide feedback on essay quality if you like. Check grammar, punctuation, spelling, paraphrasing, and vocabulary, or outline essays and write hypertext narratives. You will get such a better grasp of how your essay sounds and comes across if you speak your words out loud. This is a problem in all essays but particularly in history essays. Generalisation occurs when you form general conclusions from one or more examples. In history, it most commonly occurs when students study a particular group then assume their experiences applied to a much larger group. For example, “all the peasants were outraged”, “women rallied to oppose conscription” or “Germans supported the Nazi Party”. History and human society are never this clear cut or simple. For homework, I ask them to write the current episode in the story, eliminate all avoidable errors using the Virtual Writing Tutor, and submit it to me for points. Writing that contains avoidable errors is penalized for not having applied the necessary revision strategies. The following week, I ask students to read what they wrote to their groupmates. I encourage them to use the VWT's text-to-speech function to help them with their pronunciation.

Essay Tips

Essay Tips Our PhD-level writers provide you with assistance for each and every step you take labor completing this life-changing work. Any online essay writing service is only as good as the people behind it, and their passion for what they do. We are the kids who asked for extra homework when we were in school. Read the question several times to make sure you understand what it is asking. Plan and structure the body paragraphs of your essay into topic sentences with bullet points for each paragraph. When writing an argumentative essay, there are many things to consider. With our “How to write an argumentative essay step by step” guide you will learn how to make an argumentative essay truly shine. When you are first assigned the topic, go ahead and really explore the possible options for your thesis. The more questions you ask before you start writing, the more information you will have to use in the essay. This course is suitable for upper-grade school to adult students who are learning about essay writing or who wish to refresh their writing skills. The short, clearly explained lessons are suitable for those learning English as well - provided they have at least an intermediate English level to understand the lectures. Technical considerations will teach you how to avoid the most common errors that writers make when creating essays. You know all of those books you were forced to read in high school? In the first paragraph of your argumentative essay, you will provide a brief background of the problem, how common it is, how old it is, and how well it has been researched. It’s best to pick one of the underresearched argumentative essay topics and tell your readers something new. There are two main characteristics of a successful academic writer. First, you have to have education and experience in your field. We insist upon both of these when we hire writers. Your thesis or dissertation represents some of the most important work you will do in your academic career. It will also be a determining factor in the trajectory of your career and your academic path. This is without doubt the most vital part of writing an essay. It is your plan that determines what approach you take to answering the question. If you have written your plan properly, you will know exactly what your answer is going to be â€" this is not something that should be decided while you are writing your essay. The conclusion reaffirms the thesis statement and summarises the key points of the arguments that have presented in the body paragraphs. The conclusion does not introduce any new information. The conclusion finishes by putting the topic in context and suggesting recommendations for further research or a concluding statement. Essay writing is a skill worth perfecting as the techniques you need to master in order to write good essays generalize very well to the world outside academia. Components of a good essay also relate to other communicative skills, such as giving talks or presentations. What constitutes “good style” is one of the hardest things to state explicitly, and is perhaps the criterion most open to personal variation. When you put it like that, professional writing services help you deal with serious stress. This writing service provides professional writers with PhD and MA, who are willing to answer all your proofreading or editing questions. Anytime you have an active project with us, you can interact with your writer directly throughout this process. Just sign in to your customer account, then send and receive messages with your writer. In this way, you know the precise status of your assignment from the time you place your order until the final project is finished. More importantly, your plan will ensure that you actually answer the question. Everything you write must be related to the question, and without a plan it is all too easy to lose focus and write irrelevant nonsense. This will be immediately obvious to anyone reading the essay and gain you a few marks.

How To Write A Critical Essay

How To Write A Critical Essay Meet all your essay deadlines with the help of our expert writers. Discipline yourself to commit a few hours a day to completing your paper. As we said, writing is hard, and even professional writers like myself have trouble doing it. Here are a few useful tips that I follow in order to get the most of myself. Do not introduce any new ideas or topics to the paper in your conclusion. It may be attention-grabbing statistics or quotes related to the topic. Prior to starting an essay, it’s necessary to create an outline as a roadmap of what you’ll write about. It helps not only stay on topic and organize thoughts but also ensure that they are touching on all of key elements and follow the right intent in delivering their message. Just as there are multiple essay kinds, there are also multiple ways and steps to complete an essay. Prompt’s Essay Specialists reviewed 13,000 admissions essays in 2018, helping thousands of students submit their applications with confidence. The strongest way to end a short essay is to include a brief summary of your main argument and a statement that includes the implications of your thesis on your future. Following your professor or teacher’s favorite essay format is very important. EduBirdie uses top quality writers with years of higher-level writing experience on a variety of subjects. On average for a five-paragraph essay, I write around 1, words. Here is an overview of three different kinds of essays and the best structure for each. There are several ways of how to start off an essay and complete an introduction. All of them are different and it’s up to you which strategy to choose and successfully implement in your text. You may try each of them and then select that very one that works the best for you and your writing style. Prior to making your thesis, essay should start with a hook that causes any emotion or asks a question. This will depict you as a goal-oriented and forward-thinking person without veering you too far from the main idea of your essay. Try to limit the amount of sentences dedicated to supporting evidence. If possible, have one sentence rather than two citing a story, anecdote, or example. This may seem difficult, but it is important to provide only the details that are necessary for understanding the main idea of your essay. If you cannot find a way to fit supporting evidence in just one or two sentences, use a different example altogether. There are certain topics that require a lot of room for explanation, so be careful not to choose a topic for your essay that will require too much evidence to support. It is important to delineate the entirety of your argument at the very beginning of the paragraph. You want your message to be extremely accessible, so make it snappy! Do not wait until the end of the paragraphâ€"and definitely not until the end of the essayâ€"to present your argument. Depicted in hamburger format, concluding paragraph is simply a reiteration of introductory statement. The most pertinent information is placed in body section. Think of introduction and conclusion as of hamburger buns and meat of the burger represents crucial facts and statements found in body paragraphs. For an eight paragraph essay, I write around 2,000-2,600 words on the document. Keep in mind your quotes too, you should have one quote per paragraph or two . It really is up to the person though, I have a buddy who writes considerably less than I do, but is able to get his point across. Next you should decide which format is best suited. In a five-paragraph essay, there is an introduction paragraph, three body paragraphs, and a conclusion paragraph. You should always check the uniqueness of your text using our free plagiarism checker. Given how many different essay formats there exist, understanding the best way to start your writing is key.

Research the Consequences of Middle East Conflicts - 2200 Words

Research the Consequences of Middle East Conflicts (Essay Sample) Content: Middle East ConflictsStudents NameInstitutional AffiliationMiddle East ConflictsIntroductionMany scholars perceives the Middle East conflicts as a hard one to solve but a simple one to understand since it has been a continuing phenomenon over the years. Historically, the Middle East region, traditionally known the Fertile Crescent is characterized by frequent conflicts fueled by autocratic leaders on the grounds of resources, religions, politics, and tribe. The region is set with rivalries and alliances, which has attracted external enmity from world super power nations such as Russia and the USA. Particularly, the conflicts exists as enmity between Iraq vs Syria, Iraq vs Saudi Arabia, Syria vs Turkey As well as Israeli vs Syria. Israel has been the common enemy of the other Islamic States due to her settlements, as well as her religion as the majority of the citizens are Christians. Other scholars have argued that these constant battle are fueled by the Muslims desi re to see the Jewish state annihilated. These countries perpetuate these conflicts by supporting terror group such as the Assad, Shias, ISIS, and the Syrian rebels. Thus, the current paper seeks to address the overall cause of middle east conflicts and its consequences, the role played by Christianity in the conflicts, the role played by the West in perpetuating conflicts as well as the possible solutions that can end the conflicts. Further, the paper discusses the effectiveness ofnegotiations, how they have failed and how it can be improved to ensure peace is restored.There are several reasons to the constant battle in the Middle East. Above all, the primary reason for the Middle East conflict is not political sentiments as many perceived but a religious one. The conflicting religions in the Middle East are the Jews, Christians, and Islam CITATION Jim08 \l 1033 (Carter, 2008). The Islam believes that their religion is the real and final revelation of God/ Allah, superseding all existing religions. This has triggered a high level of intolerance in the regions that sparks conflicts. The Islam perception of their religion as the most Gods most powerful caused the entire region of Middle East to be divided into two, namely Dar al-Harband Dar al-Islam(Levitt Ross, 2007). The former as always been considered as the region of peace and where the people and the land belongs to the Islamic forces. On the other hand, Dar el-Harb has always been treated as the land and the people who need to be conquered by the Islam forces. Scramble and petition to conquer such regions have been the leading cause of conflicts as each Islamic forces wants to be the dominant group(Matthew, 2013).Another reason for these conflicts is the battles between the Israelites and Palestine and these have become a nationalist struggle. The conflict overterritories is believed to have started in the 19 century when the Jewish captured the Gaza and West Bank to establish their homeland. Initia lly, Gaza and West Bank were occupied by 86 percent of Muslims, 10 percent of Christians and 4 percent of Jewish, leaving in peace and harmony(Pollack, 2004). The Jewish later battled to conquer the land despite being the smallest population in the group. The situation worsened in in the 1960s when the UN intervened and gave away 55% of the Palestine land to the Jewish(Pollack, 2004). The situation-triggered conflicts where the Palestine and other Arabs combatants attacked the Zionist forces in attempt to reclaim that land that is still perceived as the Palestine state(Tanner, 2009).Consequences of Middle East ConflictsIn the present days, the conflicts have annihilated nation such as the Syria, Lebanon, Yemen, and Iraq. The wars have destabilized the economy on these regions leading to inequalities of resources. For instance, militia group such as ISIS, ASAD and Syria rebels are controlling some of the oil fields to amass wealth as a source of power to control and conquer the minor ity(Hovsepian, 2008). Additionally, the conflicts have created an environment of violence characterized with frequent bomb attacks and gunshot leading to an abnormal refugee crisis in Middle East. According to a report filed by UNHCR, approximately, 16 million refugees have sought asylum in Europe for the last 5 years from Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, and Palestine. European nation such as Turkey have borne the most burden by accommodating almost 3 million refugees from Lebanon as from 2014 only(Hovsepian, 2008).Another consequences brought by the Middle East conflicts is the destabilization of the global economy. Historically, Middle East has become the leading exporter of oil globally; thus, the constant unrest spreading throughout the regions destabilizes the oil prices making it fluctuating unfavorably(Mearsheimer Walt, 2008). The escalated oil prices have affected production as the cost of production have increased, henceactivating global inflation. This has caused some of the bigger economies such as the US and China to impose sanctions against some of the Middle East nations such as Iran, Lebanon and Syria from exporting their commodities(Mearsheimer Walt, 2008).Another consequence of the Middle East conflict is the territory changes that have affected some group either positively or negatively. For instance, Israel benefited from these changes having expanded its territory by 21 %, in relation to the petition resolution boundaries(Ward, 2014). The Palestine fell victim of this changes as they lost their land to Israel and still believe that Israel have no right to occupy Gaza. However, other Arabs states also expanded their territory as Jordan captured west bank, a region that was mainly occupied by Christians(Matthew, 2013). The territory issues have not settled down as the Palestine still intend to expand their territory to boost their power and dominance in the Islamic State. Currently, there are constant partitions between Israel and Palestine over the issue of territory.The Role of ChristianityChristianity as a religion in has a significance influence to the Middle East conflicts. Generally, many governments in the Middle East have used religion as tool to justify their authoritative and economic rationalism in the Middle East(Carter, 2008). Particularly Christianity was used as by the Israelites to revolutionize holy war. From the history, it is evident when the Papacy in Israellaunched a crusade to recapture Jerusalem form Muslim in the ancient period. This action, which was a deed of the crusade led to massive killings of the Muslims in Jerusalem. This deed was conducted for political gain and was justified through Christianity(Evans, 2012). Another factor is the differing Christianity rules and the Islamic, Sharia law when Muslims and Christianity opt into a negotiation or political decisions. For instance, Christians interpreted the terrestrial gains made in 1967" as a section of their promised land as per the Bible(Matthe w, 2013). These conflicting aspects have made it difficult to establish neutral solutions in the Middle East crisis. Thus, Christianity as represented by Jerusalem tends to symbolize the importance of religion in political aspects of the Middle East. Role of the West in Perpetuating the ConflictAs much as the most of the Middle East conflicts seems to be highly contributed by the feudal relationship between Israel Palestine, however, much of it has been generated and maintained by powerful nations such as Russia and the US. The West have found an interest with Middle East conflicts for the purpose of maintaining their economic stability as well as that of Middle East. These West nations have successful managed to control the Middle East by keeping both Israel, Jordan and other Islamic states such Iran and Qatar dependent on their support in form of arms and finances(Ward, 2014). For instance, in 2014, the US established a nuclear deal with Iran in an approach to fight the ISIS i n Syria. In other words, the US made Iran her ally and gang against IS in Iraq and Syria, who were perceived as their common enemy and a serious threat (Vandewalle, 2012). Additionally, the West involvement has perpetuate the conflicts by creating enmity among the locals after their intervention. For example, Russia made treaties Iran to support the Syrian Assad regime by supplying them with ammunition and transport facilities with the agenda of opposing the Islamic state(Talmadge, 2015). Similarly, the US invasion to Iraq in 2003 left a political vacuum that triggered much chaos and violence. This saw Baghdad seeking the US help to counter attack IS In 2014.Possible SolutionsThe desire to make a the world a peaceful place cannot be attained without paying attention to the Middle East conflicts, particularly on the conflicts between Israel and Palestine. This calls for possible solutions that can help to end these conflicts. Therefore, there are two unconventional solution, namely, Two- State condominialism  and negotiation. Two-State Condominialism  is a name coined by Anne-Marie Slaughter, a US former diplomat and a bureaucratic(Mearsheimer Walt, 2008). The idea behind Condominialism  is that both the Palestine and Israel citizens will be identified according to their distinct political authorities. Under this solution, both the Israelites and Palestinians would be given the authentication to settle within the territory of the two states, thus establishing a sole, binational settlement community. This approach is perceived effective as it focuses on creating an interconnectedness relationship among the Palestines and Israelites settlers in Gaza, West Ban...

I Am Sam s Mental Retardation - 999 Words

I am Sam was quite possibly one of the best movies I have ever seen in my life. I was personally very moved by the entire story. I learned a lot about how these kinds of cases usually pan out for those that are mentally disabled. I had not ever thought of a story like this, but now that I was opened to these kinds of issues in the lives of people with mental disabilities, I am glad that I watched this movie and gain some insight. Sam faced several psychological issues in this story. Out of all the psychological issues this movie portrays Sam to have, his mental retardation is the one that is the main focus of the story. This movie goes to show that his intelligence is that of a seven-year-old. This escalades the story because as his daughter begins school, her intelligence grows larger than her fathers, which is the center of the problem throughout this story. In the beginning, the movies goes to show that Sam has a case of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Throughout the movie, they continue to show his case by first organizing the artificial sugars at Starbucks to finally, near the end, organizing alcohol pads from Pizza Hut. Along with OCD, we find out from the help of the lawyer fighting against him in court, that Sam also has autistic tendencies. Also, in several parts throughout the movie, Sam shows behavior such as going to a certain restaurant the same time every week, and having to eat a certain t hing at a certain place, or else he becomes very upset. Along withShow MoreRelatedCharacter Analysis of Sam Dawson from the Film, I Am Sam1669 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Case Study of Sam Dawson Authors name Authors institutional affiliation Authors note Case Study of Sam Dawson Part 1 I. Character Background The name of the film selected for this case study is I am Sam. (2002) The protagonist of the film is Sam Dawson, who is played by the actor Sean Penn. Sam Dawson is a developmentally or intellectually challenged adult male, who has a young daughter, primary school aged, named Lucy. Sam and Lucy live together without her mother, who is a homeless personRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagesstudy smarter save money From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visual and audio resources, WileyPLUS gives you everything you need to personalize the teaching and learning experience.  » F i n d o u t h ow t o M A K E I T YO U R S  » www.wileyplus.com ALL THE HELP, RESOURCES, AND PERSONAL SUPPORT YOU AND YOUR STUDENTS NEED! 2-Minute Tutorials and all of the resources you your students need to get started www.wileyplus.com/firstday Student supportRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 PagesPrentice-Hall, Inc. A Pearson Education Company Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 Compilation Copyright  © 2003 by Pearson Custom Publishing All rights reserved. This copyright covers material written expressly for this volume by the editor/s as well as the compilation itself. It does not cover the individual selections herein that first appeared elsewhere. ii Permission to reprint these has been obtained by Pearson Custom Publishing for this edition only. Further reproduction by any

Auditing and Assurance in Australia Cash Flow Statements

Question: Discuss about theAuditing and Assurance in Australia for Cash Flow Statements. Answer: Introduction: Auditing often refers to the verification of financial reports of an organization on the annual basis by internal management individuals or external audit teams. The financial report comprises of balance sheet, cash flow statements and income statement and companys accounting policies that are examined to determine the strengths and weaknesses along with future potential (PwC, 2016). Auditing may be classified into internal as well as external, wherein the internal auditing is usually performed by the employees of organization and is known as first party audits, whereas the third parties or outside agents perform the external auditing. Apart from this, the auditing is of three types, including product, process and systems audit, concentrate on different dimensions of the business operations. Product auditing is the verification of any particular product to measure whether it follows as per the requirements or audit standards (Russell, 2012). Process audit is the method of verifying w hether the operations are running parallel to the predetermined instructions (ASQ, 2016). In the similar context, system audit is performed to manage the entire system of the company (ISACA, 2016). The purpose of the assignment is to identify the impact of auditing process or businesses due to the changes in the audit report model. In accordance with the paper objective, it further evaluates whether the components of the systems are suitable and according to the requirements of the company standard (American Society for Quality, n.d.). Changes to the Audit-Reporting Model The PCAOB (Public Company Accounting Oversight board) proposed a new accounting or auditing standard to improve the auditors reporting model. In the new model, the planned standard included the pass/fail model in the auditors report and proposed to present more information to the shareholders about the auditing process, including the information about the auditor as well as the audit. The Chairman of the PCAOB stated that the anticipated changes would enhance the effectiveness of the report and make it more applicable for the investors of the companies. In addition, it is further stated that the audit reports, which identify the strengths and importance of the audit processing must also provide awareness and admiration for the knowledge and skills that is provided by the auditors to the company. The staffs of the PCOAB conducted survey to the shareholders, auditors and other stakeholders involved in the business to provide precise information regarding the changes that will be implem ented in the auditors report (2Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, 2016). The findings of the proposed changes were presented to the board in an open meeting in the year 2011. In the same year, the board presented a concept in order to obtain knowledge regarding the feedback of people on the changes needs to implement in the auditors reporting model. In addition to this, the board also conducted a conference including the shareholders and individuals related to the domain in gaining understanding on their perception regarding the proposal. Concerning the causes of such changes, it is observed that in the recent decades often lack of communication between companies and auditors led the company towards experiencing financial downturn or other issues. Thus, the proposed changes in the reporting model majorly concentrate on enhancing the communication on the audit problems between the company and the auditor (2Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, 2016). Apart from this, the proposed changes also included new components to the model such as independence of auditors, terms and responsibilities of the auditors, the evaluation of the information analyzed by the auditor among others. This, in turn will enhance the transparency of the report and reduce the chances of frauds by providing notes to the balance sheet (2Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, 2016). The communication of the critical problems with the management is another essential factor, which might reduce the audit problems. Therefore, the changed model included accounts and disclosures of the matters that act as materials to the balance sheet along with the auditors judgment. In accordance, the second point involved in the critical matters was the factors that determine the problems of auditing and included the documentation of the problems as well. Additional improvements to the reports included as the responsibilities of auditors along with the presence of additional information as per the requirements of opinions that will include in the first section of the report (PCAOB, 2016). The Impact of Changes to the Audit Reporting Models With the support of the proposed changes, it can be stated that the shareholders can have more value in the report and desired in-depth information in the balance sheet. Due to the changes implemented in the model, the shareholders now can communicate with the companies in more effective manner based on the information that were include different types of the declaration reports (Mock, 2014). Concerning the previous auditing model, it is observed that the report assumed to limit the flow of sources on the critical audit problems that need to be communicated with the audit committee. This particular concern regarding the transparency and the relevancy of the audit-reporting model encouraged both PCOAB and IAASB (International Auditing Assurance Standards Board) to develop the standard of the audit report model, wherein communication and detailed information will be considered as major priority (Backof, Bowlin Goodson, 2014). The proposed change in the audit report would clarify the role of the company on the audited financial statements in narrowing the gap in the business operations, thus increasing the reliability of the auditing. In return, the audit companies have also strongly supported the changed standards to increase the liability, as the companies were largely affected due to the auditors negligence (Backof et al, 2014). In the recent decades, several ethical concerns have been evident due to lesser effective auditing report provided by the audit firms, which in turn posing continuous challenges for the companies in managing risks or uncertainties in long run. In this regard, the auditors as well as the regulators were worried about the sustainability regarding the profession of audit, thus by changing the standard of the model PCOAB intends to enhance the efficiency in business as well as to reduce risks or uncertainties from the domain. The critics of the auditors report often claim that the companies or clients of audit firm are not convinced regarding the level of assurance or results provided by the auditors. Lack of information provided by the auditors put barriers in communicating with the stakeholders as well as gaining understanding on the business potential or current position. Thus, it can be asserted that the impact of the new proposed report would provide more effective outcome on the fi nancial statements without any errors or misstatements (Backof et al, 2014). Future Research Related to the Audit-Reporting Model An inappropriate judgment by the auditor on the financial statements is termed as the audit risks that can have huge negative consequences on the business operations or decision making process (1Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, 2016). The audit-reporting model need to include an in-depth analysis of the financial reports and other information provided by a company and further put all the information along with evaluation on the audit report, so that the company can have knowledge on its position and can also provide the report to its stakeholders in maintaining transparency in the business (3Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, 2016). Failing to highlight the significance information in the report can be considered as an inappropriate audit opinion or false audit report, which has no value to the company in legal ground. To control this kind of risks, the auditors can use the audit risk model to handle the overall risks involved in the auditing process (CPA, 2014). The above stated factors clearly indicates the significance of concentrating on the audit reporting model as it involved in several aspects that led to profit or loss of the companies in long run. The current changes in the reporting model purely concentrated to include detailed information in the report. However, it still lacks certain aspects such as ethical consideration in the reporting process. Thus, based on the stated fact, it can be stated the further research needs to be conducted on the basis of every dimensions of the process (3public company accounting oversight board, 2016). Conclusion Auditing is the most important factor for maintaining the profitability in the business and the relation with the stakeholders as well. It can be affirmed from the study that the proposal for changing the auditors report model has been implemented to enhance the effectiveness of the audit processing in obtaining comparatively better results from the process. The proposed changes also ensure that the shareholders will have more information on the companys monetary transactions, which would provide more relevant data to the users. Apart from this, the new auditor-reporting model also intends to provide improved communication between the shareholders and the auditors, which concentrates on increasing the user confidence towards the reports provided by the auditor based on the financial statements. PCOAB has successfully conducted surveys to gain knowledge regarding the significance of adopting the change in the reporting mode, which depicts that maintaining transparency, quality of the audit reporting in the company are the major priorities for the new auditing model. References American Society for Quality. (n.d.). What is auditing. Retrieved August 22, 2016, from https://asq.org/learn-about-quality/auditing/ ASQ. (2016). Process auditing and techniques. Retrieved August 24, 2016, from https://asq.org/quality-progress/2006/06/standards-outlook/process-auditing-and-techniques.html Backof, A., Bowlin, K. Goodson, B. (2014). The impact of proposed changes to the content of the audit report on jurors assessments of auditor negligence. Abstract, 1-40. CPA. (2014). Audit risk. Retrieved August 22, 2016, from https://www.cga-canada.org/en-ca/AboutCGACanada/CGAMagazine/2003/May-Jun/Pages/ca_2003_05-06_dp_standards.aspx ISACA, (2016). Information systems auditing: Tools and techniques. Retrieved August 24, 2016, from https://www.isaca.org/knowledge-center/research/researchdeliverables/pages/information-systems-auditing-tools-and-techniques.aspx Mock. (2014). Comments prepared for the PCAOB public meeting on the auditors reporting model. Background, 1-75. PCAOB. (2016). Proposed auditing standard. PCAOB Release, 1-228. 1Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. (2016). Auditing standard no. 8. Retrieved August 22, 2016, from https://pcaobus.org/Standards/Auditing/pages/auditing_standard_8.aspx 3Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. (2016). Auditing standard no. 12. Retrieved August 22, 2016, from https://pcaobus.org/Standards/Auditing/Pages/Auditing_Standard_12.aspx 2Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. (2016). PCAOB proposes a new auditing standard to enhance the auditor's reporting model. Retrieved August 22, 2016, from https://pcaobus.org/News/Releases/Pages/08132013_OpenMeeting.aspx PwC. (2016). What is an Audit? Retrieved August 22, 2016, from, https://www.pwc.com/m1/en/services/assurance/what-is-an-audit.html Russell, J. P. (2012). The ASQ auditing handbook. United States of America: ASQ Quality Press.

What Is Stress free essay sample

Stress is your bodys way of responding to any kind of demand. It can be caused by both good and bad experiences. When people feel stressed by something going on around them, their bodies react by releasing chemicals into the blood. These chemicals give people more energy and strength, which can be a good thing if their stress is caused by physical danger. But this can also be a bad thing, if their stress is in response to something emotional and there is no outlet for this extra energy and strength. This class will discuss different causes of stress, how stress affects you, the ifference between good or positive stress and bad or negative stress, and some common facts about how stress affects people today. What Causes Stress? Many different things can cause stress from physical (such as fear of something dangerous) to emotional (such as worry over your family or Job. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Stress or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ) Identifying what may be causing you stress is often the first step in learning how to better deal with your stress. Some of the most common sources of stress are: Survival Stress You may have heard the phrase fight or flight before. This is a common response to danger n all people and animals. When you are afraid that someone or something may physically hurt you, your body naturally responds with a burst of energy so that you will be better able to survive the dangerous situation (fight) or escape it all together (flight). This is survival stress. Internal Stress Have you ever caught yourself worrying about things you can do nothing about or worrying for no reason at all? This is internal stress and it is one of the most important kinds of stress to understand and manage. Internal stress is when people make themselves stressed. This often appens when we worry about things we cant control or put ourselves in situations we know will cause us stress. Some people become addicted to the kind of hurried, tense, lifestyle that results from being under stress. They even look for stressful situations and feel stress about things that arent stressful. Environmental Stress This is a response to things around you that cause stress, such as noise, crowding, and pressure from work or family. Identifying these environmental stresses and learning to avoid them or deal with them will help lower your stress level. Fatigue nd Overwork This kind of stress builds up over a long time and can take a hard toll on your body. It can be caused by working too much or too hard at your Job(s), school, or home. It can also be caused by not knowing how to manage your time well or how to take time out for rest and relaxation. This can be one of the hardest kinds of stress to avoid because many people feel this is out of their control. Later in this course we will show you that you DO have options and offer some useful tips for dealing with fatigue. How Does Stress Affect You? stress can become tired, sick, and unable to concentrate or think clearly. Sometimes, they even suffer mental breakdowns. [pic] AS a student, Im sure you often feel stressed when exams are around the corner. But do you know what the symptoms of having stress are? There are four types of symptoms for a person who is under stress: Cognitive symptoms. For example memory problems, inability to concentrate, poor Judgment, seeing only the negative, being anxious or having racing thoughts, and constant worrying. Ђ Behavioural symptoms. Examples are eating more or less, sleeping too much or too little, isolating yourself from others, procrastinating or neglecting responsibilities, sing alcohol, cigarettes, or drugs to relax and developing nervous habits (e. g. nail biting, pacing). Emotional symptoms. Examples are moodiness, irritability or short temper, agitation, inability to relax, feeling overwhelmed, a sense of loneliness and isolation and depression or g eneral unhappiness. Physical symptoms.

10 Facts on Exchange Systems and Economics in the USA for a Presentation

10 Facts on Exchange Systems and Economics in the USA for a Presentation In order to fully discuss exchange systems and economics in the United States, it is important to fully understand what each factor represents and how they work together to influence monetary policies in a community. So here are a few definitions to get us started on the right path. Exchange Systems in their simplest form are the different ways in which consumers connect with producers. These different ways may include barter, or the use of money as a purchasing tool to acquire items and in the United States, money serves as that means of exchange. While economics can simply be defined as the social science that describes the factors that determine the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services. Therefore, this article will be providing some accurate facts on the exchange system and its effect on the economic and monetary policies in the US. Widespread use of the US Dollar: the United States reputation as the most influential nation on earth is also shared by its money as can be seen by the following statistics. The US Dollar is the currency mostly used in international transactions and it also serves as the world’s primary reserve currency. While the one dollar bill is the most circulated bill locally in the US. It makes up 48% of the paper bills printed by the US Bureau of Engraving and Printing. The US chosen exchange rate system is the floating rate exchange system. This means that the amount in which the Dollar trades for when compared to gold is set by market forces to a large extent. The US started using the managed floating exchange rate system in 1973 after the Bretton Woods fixed rate system became untenable and harmful to the US economy. The United States trade partners: an economy is reliant on its imports and exports which in turn becomes a factor that determines the exchange rate of that country. So here are the USs trade statistics: A 2014 survey puts China at the top of the pyramid of countries the United States imports from. The US imports approximately 66 billion worth goods annually from China. While Canada ranks at the top of the export list for the United States exports approximately 46 billion worth goods on a yearly basis to Canadians. The United States most traded commodities: in terms of importation, crude oil takes the lead as the most imported good coming into the US while domestic items are a close second. In 2014, the US spent close to $300billion dollars on importing crude oil and it is important to note that a large percentage of these imports were from Canada. Unsurprisingly, Americas biggest export quantifiable in dollars are also crude oil products which brings in approximately $130billion a year. America is a service based economy: the US tops the world in providing private services across diverse industry nichesfinance, insurance, telecoms etc.extensively. Travel services nets the US approximately $50 billion yearly, royalty and licensing approximately $100billion while patents come after oil products at $100billion. The US debt profile: every nation has its debt due to international economics and the need to raise money for wars, domestic growth etc. and the US is no different. Approximately 45 years ago in 1970, the total US debt both home and abroad including business debt, government debt and consumer debt was approximately $2trillion. Today, the total US debt is just over $20 trillion. In 2011, the US paid $454 billion dollars on interest alone servicing its debts. This was the highest fee paid as of 2014. The United States Economy and the World: the US status as one of the most developed countries in the world means that fluctuation in its economy also affects world economics. In 2001, the United States GDP accounted for 32% of all global economic activity which goes to show its influence. And despite the recession, in 2013, the US GDP still accounted for approximately 22% of all global activities. The Economy and the American household: everyone knows about the American dream of been able to comfortably take care of ones family in order to live happily ever after. But do the statistics back this dream? In 2013, statistics showed that approximately 20% of households with breadwinners under the age of 35 lived in poverty. 40% of Americans live in a home were a member is dependent on one or more government programs for monetary support. The US government runs 83 diverse welfare programs and approximately 33% of the US population participate in at least one of these programs. The Economy and US social security benefits: the number of people on social security benefits also plays its part in affecting the US economy due to their reliance on it. 2015 data shows approximately 58 million Americans dependent on social security and predictive analysis put the 2035 numbers at 91 million citizens. Also, the social security system is expected to face a $130trillion shortfall over the next 3 years. The wealth demographic: the wealth spread among citizens in the US also plays a part in telling the story of the US economy. The 20 wealthiest Americans are credited to have more wealth than the poorest 152 million US citizens. The top 0.1 percent possess wealth which is more than the combined wealth of the bottom 90% of all Americans combined. These are some of the interesting facts on the exchange system and economics in the US which you can put to use in your own essay concerning the economy. The facts places emphasis on the US currency, exchange system, trade partners and economic state of its local people. Make sure to also check our 20 topics on exchange systems and the US economy as well as a standalone guide on the genre of a presentation for this subject. Lastly, these facts are accurate and can be used as references. References: Paul, K. (2003). The Concise Encyclopedia for Economics: Exchange Rates.  econlib.org/library/Enc1/ExchangeRates.html Dixit, Avinash. Hysteresis, Import Penetration, and Exchange-Rate Pass-Through. Quarterly Journal of Economics  104 (1989): 205-28. Wikipedia: Economy of the United States. (2010).  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Economic Indicators Division Journal. (2015). Top US Trade Partners 2015. trade.gov/mas/ian/build/groups/public/@tg_ian/documents/webcontent/tg_ian_003364.pdf Christopher, C. (2016). United State Government’s Debt 2016.  usgovernmentdebt.us/ Social Security Administration: Fact Sheet. (2014). Fact Sheet.  https://www.ssa.gov/news/press/factsheets/basicfact-alt.pdf Fast Facts and Figures about Social Security 2014. (2015) 32, 34.  https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/chartbooks/fast_facts/2014/fast_facts14.pdf

HRM and Organizational Turnaround at Selfridges & Co Coursework - 1

HRM and Organizational Turnaround at Selfridges & Co - Coursework Example This paper illustrates that the Selfridges Ð ¡ompany was originally a part of the ‘Sears Group’ and was described as the personification of another organization called Grace Brothers after acquiring of an old-fashioned, stuffy image in 1980 and 1990s. However, the organization failed to grow stronger because of the lack of logistics support, lack of knowledge about supply chain relationships, minimum use of technology and an extremely hierarchical and complicated organizational structure. The company underwent rapid transformation since 1990 when the new chief executive Vittorio Radice was born. With this, the original management team was replaced by a new senior management team. This management team was responsible for the creation and implementation of new HR practices and policies which will be discussed in the project. Special emphasis would be provided with regards to the management and leadership styles in Selfridges and the role played by the team leaders of the organization for making it successful. Selfridges was established in the Oxford Street on the 15th of March, 1909 with the focus on department stores and retailing institutions. The history of the company is unique because of the history and background of the company. It began as a small shop which was designed to become a departmental store. The organizational culture of the company was such where decisions were primarily taken by the management and leaders; however, they were designed to bring the maximum benefit to the employees. The company had the vision of emerging as the most exciting and best chain of departmental stores in Europe. This would be done by meeting the requirements and needs of customers through the delivery of the best quality of services and the development of the maximum operational efficiency. HR policies and procedures at Trafford Parks Recruitment At Trafford Park, the maximum responsibility, and authority were provided to the HR department. They even had the complete autonomy to create its own HR policies and procedures. The opening of the store was done with the recruitment of 650 numbers of staff and their training as well. Candidates were recruited on the basis of their knowledge about the company’s product and their abilities to create a relationship with their customers and building bonds with them by gaining their loyalty. Candidates with experience in retail were recruited. However, very few of the candidates were transferred from London. A critical analysis of the situation reveals that the recruitment procedure was not sound as many people were not able or willing to adapt to the new human resource procedures in the organization. It is important that the recruitment procedure is sound in order to ensure that the right kind of staff is selected who can contribute to the organization effectively.

To identify an innovative human resource management practice or Essay

To identify an innovative human resource management practice or program - Essay Example The work that follows highlights problems solved by giving compensation and benefits to employees and its importance. Issues addressed by compensation and benefits Benefits and compensation are some of the important methods of motivating workers in an organization or a company. Due to high competition in the job market, employers seek to maintain their employees (Grobler 24). The award of benefits and compensation by employers to their employees saves them a number of problems. First, it saves the organization loss of employees because an employee cannot go for another job (Sims 458). A company that lacks good motivation to its employees will always look for more employees to replace those that have left the company due to unfavorable working conditions. An employee will always admire to work under better terms of service. Secondly, it saves poor production. This is because there will be enough workforce for the particular fields in the organization. Poor production will only result in an organization where there is no recognition on the importance of the work done by employees (Kleynhans 59). It is only that organization that gives motivation to its workers through giving benefits and compensation that will succeed it solving this problem. Poor production leads to poor achievement or profits. Poor quality of the products will always lead to poor sales in the market. This also leads to high losses incurred by the organization due to lack of recovery of the expenses incurred in the production process after sales (WorldatWork 451). Thirdly, it reduces competition on the company’s products (Kleynhans 35). If the employees leave and have the ability to start their own companies, they will, and this will give competition to the organization from which formerly employed them. If the employees are unable to start their companies, they will look for employment in other companies in the same field, which offer better terms of service. Due to the increased demand for labor force, the workers prefer the company that offers fair terms (Grobler 85). This promotes production due to enough workforce and motivated workers. Compensation and benefits saves a company of bad reputation. For example if an organization abruptly terminates a worker’s employment is and there is no compensation, definitely, the worker would not be happy with the treat given. This tarnishes the organization’s name, and as long as employers still flock the market looking for employment, they will not wish to work in an organization that treats workers unfairly. Reputation is a virtue that is very vital in the business line. If the is spoilt, the organization goes on low production due to lack of workers (Kleynhans 237). Compensations also save a company from court cases. Court cases emerge for instance when an injury occurs to an employee in the line of duty and no compensation. The worker may look for a personal lawyer and sue the company to court (Grobler 88) . On the contrary, if the company awards compensation to workers incase of emergencies like these, the program will save the company time, because of all the processes undergone in processing the cases and pursuing them in court and saves finances accompanying the court cases. Suing a company in court leads to decline in the production progress, as many activities will slow down due to lack of the personnel involved in the process, and the finances used in processing the

African Americans jazz Essay Example for Free

African Americans jazz Essay Many believe that jazz is a music that African Americans played together with the Creole musicians during the 19th century in New Orleans, Louisiana in United States that bind the race together, black and white Americans. This is also considered as the ancient and most distinguished musical genres in North America and known as â€Å"America’s classical music. † Based from the quote of Gerald Early, a lecturer and a writer of African – American studies, he emphasizes that America will be known from three things: in the Constitution, sports (baseball), and in jazz music, since these are the most captivating things that they developed. Jazz is a type of lyricism that reflects on the Great American promise and expresses hope for freedom in slavery. It is also illustrated by the exceptional attribute of collective improvisation and should be performed with the right feelings about it. According to Louis Armstrong if you will ask, you’ll never know. He discovers the secret behind the jazz music, that’s why he became known as one of the successful musicians and leading stars in the whole world. The early jazz musicians create a great impact to the life of many as they change their point of view towards music. Although, jazz music is originated from the black, who are considered outsider but living in America, wherein they use this as a passage to be accepted in the society, still America truly owns this music. I prove it accurate because the New Orleans jazz musicians improve, develop, and patronize this music until the whole world has known it. One more thing, jazz has a big role to the history of America. This music becomes the expression of freedom because way back in 1970, it played a major role in the life of African American culture. Their longing for freedom is emphasized as they sing. I also believe that jazz eliminates the discrimination between the white and black people, that’s why I strongly agree that jazz belongs to America because the whole history of this country is the song itself. The history of jazz is deeply rooted in America and until now the musical tradition lives here. Works Cited The Importance of Jazz in American Culture | Jazz More http://jazz. learnhub. com/lesson/6809-the-importance-of-jazz-in-american-culture#ixzz0ESyZePQVA The Importance of Jazz in American Culture http://jazz. learnhub. com/lesson/6809-the-importance-of-jazz-in-american- culture#ixzz0ET3vi6UcA A History of Jazz http://www. historyjazz. com/ The History of Jazz Music http://meltingpot. fortunecity. com/zaire/721/introframe. htm Jazz Music http://www. smallsjazz. com/

A Brief History of the Hybrid Vehicle Essay -- essays research papers

Brief History of Hybrid Vehicle Development First built in the early 1900s by inventors tinkering with combinations of the electric motor and the gasoline engine, hybrid vehicles were dropped when gasoline-fueled vehicles became more reliable and easier to start, and gasoline fuel more readily available. Research and development of hybrid vehicles was revived by concern about oil dependency in the1970s and about air pollution in the late 1980s. A number of hybrid vehicles have been built and tested since 1980. Some of these vehicles have impressed analysts with their performance and low levels of exhaust and petroleum consumption. Interest in hybrid vehicles jumped in late 1993 with the announcement of funding for two major collaborations. The US Department of Energy signed a five-year, $138 million development agreement with General Motors and a $122 million agreement with Ford to design and build preproduction hybrid prototypes that could be marketed in less than 10 years.[1] All these were done because hybrid electric vehicles are expected to be the future of vehicles worldwide. Definition One considers a vehicle to be a hybrid when it combines two or more sources of power. For example, a mo-ped (a motorized pedal bike) is a hybrid because it combines the power of a gasoline engine with the pedal power of its rider. Similarly, the gasoline-electric hybrid car is a combination of both an electric car and a gasoline-powered one. That is, it makes use of both electricity and gasoline to provide the energy to turn the wheels of the car. Figure 1 shows a gas-powered car. [2] Components Of A Gasoline Powered Car The 4-cylinder engine converts gasoline into motion so that the car can move. The easiest way it does this is to burn the gasoline inside the engine. Therefore is acts as an internal combustion engine i.e. combustion takes place internally. Gasoline powered car engines typically have over 100 horsepower and operate at speeds up to 8000 RPM. The fuel tank stores and supplies gasoline to the engine. It can typically store enough fuel to provide the engine with energy capable of moving the car through a distance of 300 miles or more. Figure 2 below shows an electric car, which has a set of batteries that provides electricity to an electric motor. The motor turns a transmission, and the transmission turns the wheels. [3]... .......................How I found my references........................... Send me your comments...........................Homepage...........................Comments -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [1] Daniel Sperling; Future Drive: Electric Vehicles and Sustainable Transportation, pg 101 [2] http://auto.howstuffworks.com/hybrid-car1.htm [3] http://auto.howstuffworks.com/hybrid-car1.htm [4] http://auto.howstuffworks.com/hybrid-car2.htm [5] http://auto.howstuffworks.com/hybrid-car3.htm [6]http://web1.infotrac.galegroup.com/itw/infomark/155/298/52759225w1/purl=rc1_ITOF_0_A122672547&dyn=5!xrn_15_0_A122672547?sw_aep=swar94187, Electric and Hybrid Vehicles Today, Sept 30, 2004 p0 , Article A122672547 [7] http://auto.howstuffworks.com/hybrid-car4.htm [8] http://www.morphizm.com/observations/borah/borah_corner1.html [9] Daniel Sperling; Future Drive: Electric Vehicles and Sustainable Transportation, pg 100 [10] http://auto.howstuffworks.com/hybrid-car8.htm [11] Daniel Sperling; Future Drive: Electric Vehicles and Sustainable Transportation, pg 2 [12] Electric and Hybrid Vehicles Today, Oct. 7, 2004, p0; Article A122947647 A Brief History of the Hybrid Vehicle Essay -- essays research papers Brief History of Hybrid Vehicle Development First built in the early 1900s by inventors tinkering with combinations of the electric motor and the gasoline engine, hybrid vehicles were dropped when gasoline-fueled vehicles became more reliable and easier to start, and gasoline fuel more readily available. Research and development of hybrid vehicles was revived by concern about oil dependency in the1970s and about air pollution in the late 1980s. A number of hybrid vehicles have been built and tested since 1980. Some of these vehicles have impressed analysts with their performance and low levels of exhaust and petroleum consumption. Interest in hybrid vehicles jumped in late 1993 with the announcement of funding for two major collaborations. The US Department of Energy signed a five-year, $138 million development agreement with General Motors and a $122 million agreement with Ford to design and build preproduction hybrid prototypes that could be marketed in less than 10 years.[1] All these were done because hybrid electric vehicles are expected to be the future of vehicles worldwide. Definition One considers a vehicle to be a hybrid when it combines two or more sources of power. For example, a mo-ped (a motorized pedal bike) is a hybrid because it combines the power of a gasoline engine with the pedal power of its rider. Similarly, the gasoline-electric hybrid car is a combination of both an electric car and a gasoline-powered one. That is, it makes use of both electricity and gasoline to provide the energy to turn the wheels of the car. Figure 1 shows a gas-powered car. [2] Components Of A Gasoline Powered Car The 4-cylinder engine converts gasoline into motion so that the car can move. The easiest way it does this is to burn the gasoline inside the engine. Therefore is acts as an internal combustion engine i.e. combustion takes place internally. Gasoline powered car engines typically have over 100 horsepower and operate at speeds up to 8000 RPM. The fuel tank stores and supplies gasoline to the engine. It can typically store enough fuel to provide the engine with energy capable of moving the car through a distance of 300 miles or more. Figure 2 below shows an electric car, which has a set of batteries that provides electricity to an electric motor. The motor turns a transmission, and the transmission turns the wheels. [3]... .......................How I found my references........................... Send me your comments...........................Homepage...........................Comments -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [1] Daniel Sperling; Future Drive: Electric Vehicles and Sustainable Transportation, pg 101 [2] http://auto.howstuffworks.com/hybrid-car1.htm [3] http://auto.howstuffworks.com/hybrid-car1.htm [4] http://auto.howstuffworks.com/hybrid-car2.htm [5] http://auto.howstuffworks.com/hybrid-car3.htm [6]http://web1.infotrac.galegroup.com/itw/infomark/155/298/52759225w1/purl=rc1_ITOF_0_A122672547&dyn=5!xrn_15_0_A122672547?sw_aep=swar94187, Electric and Hybrid Vehicles Today, Sept 30, 2004 p0 , Article A122672547 [7] http://auto.howstuffworks.com/hybrid-car4.htm [8] http://www.morphizm.com/observations/borah/borah_corner1.html [9] Daniel Sperling; Future Drive: Electric Vehicles and Sustainable Transportation, pg 100 [10] http://auto.howstuffworks.com/hybrid-car8.htm [11] Daniel Sperling; Future Drive: Electric Vehicles and Sustainable Transportation, pg 2 [12] Electric and Hybrid Vehicles Today, Oct. 7, 2004, p0; Article A122947647